Abdominal Aortic Aneurism

March 2018 | by EMauthor


This is a serious problem in the older patients with a high mortality, intra-peritoneal ruptures are rapidly fatal. More commonly the patients present with retro-peritoneal rupture which still carry a high mortality unless the condition is diagnosed early, resuscitation starts promptly and surgery performed early.


Presentations


Classic = sudden abdominal and or flank pain in a patient with a known aneurysm.

May look pale, sweaty and in shock or these features are transient

Back pain may be the only feature

Patient may present with painless collapse of no obvious reason

Patient may present with signs of lower limb ischaemia


Examination


Tender pulsatile abdominal mass is felt in many cases

There may absent or weak femoral pulses on one or both sides

NB not easily palpable in obese patients or large retroperitoneal haematoma

Bedside abdominal ultrasound is mandatory


Management


Assess Airway, Breathing and Circulation and resuscitate accordingly

Oxygenate

Insert two large bore cannula and take blood for FBC, LFT, U&Es, Clotting screen and G&S

Start IV crystalloid the aim is to maintain BP at around 90 mm systolic

Analgesia with small doses of IV opiate titrated to the patient’s needs particularly if hypertensive

Cardiac monitoring

ECG

Urinary catheter with hourly urine output measurement if time


 Inform the surgical registrar or SHO urgently as soon as the diagnosis is suspected and he / she can arrange transfer to the regional vascular transfer if Basildon is not on-call. Arranging a CT aortagram is strictly the surgical team’s responsibility but you may want to arrange this to facilitate the process as a courtesy measure.



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