Hip fractures

March 2018 | by EMauthor


Introduction


Most commonly an osteoporotic fractures of the elderly caused by a fall

In some cases the injury may seem trivial

In some cases the pain from hip fractures may radiate to the knee and knee pain may be the chief complaint

Inability to weight bear is the most reliable feature and a fracture should be excluded if this the case


Follow the fast track policy for fracture neck of femur


Administer analgesia, ideally iv opiates titrated to the patient’s need, this should be done prior to x-ray examination

Examine patient for co-morbid conditions (heart failure, chest conditions, anticoagulation) and assess mobility, mental state and social circumstances

Take blood for FBC, U&E, x-match ,and order an ECG

Set up an iv line and correct dehydration if present

Order pelvic x-ray and lateral hip, CXR should be done with positive hip x-ray

Fascia iliaca block or femoral block

Refer to orthopaedics


Non weight bearing in the elderly after a fall


Exclude pubic rami fractures or distal limb fractures

It could be due to impacted neck of femur fracture which may not show on initial x-ray

oIf there is a low suspicion of #NOF then a medical or frailty referral may be appropriate

oIf there is a high suspicion of #NOF despite a seemingly normal X-ray, refer to orthopaedics


Key guidelines


NICE / SIGN:
1. Perform surgery on the day of, or the day after, admission.
2. Identify and treat correctable comorbidities immediately
3. Paracetamol, opioids and nerve blocks but no NSAID
4. Pressure sore risk, mental state, functional status

RCEM:
1. Early pain-scoring, analgesia, and reassessment
2. Early X-ray (60 minutes of arrival)
3. Prompt admission to the ward (98 % within 4 hours)


Links

HOSPITAL ADMISSION

HOME

INTRANET HUB






Created with the Personal Edition of HelpNDoc: Easily create PDF Help documents