Nerve injuries

March 2018 | by EMauthor


Always suspect nerve injury in lacerations. Always test for this and document your findings.

In practice nerve injuries are most often seen in the hands and at the wrist. A good knowledge of the anatomy is helpful in drawing your attention to the possibility. Digital nerves can be repaired up to the distal inter-phalangeal joint. Beyond this there is no identifiable single nerve but a leash of fibers.

Loss of sensation may take an hour or two to develop fully. It may develop distally from the point of injury very much like that seen with a local anaesthetic block. Within half an hour of an accident de-nervated areas will have ceased to sweat and the skin will be dry. When the plastic shaft of a pen is drawn over the affected area it will slide easily. In normally innervated skin the pen will drag due to skin moisture.

It is also important to test the motor branches of potentially affected nerves and document your findings.


Features of nerve injuries


Median nerve

oDecreased sensation over palm and radial 3 ½ fingers

oUnable to abduct thumb against resistance

Ulnar nerve

oDecreased sensation over Palmar and dorsal aspects of ulnar 1 ½ fingers

oLittle finger held flexed

oUnable to cross index and middle fingers

Radial nerve

oDecreased sensation over 1st web space

Digital nerve

oDecreased sensation over ulnar or radial half digit distally


Management


All injuries to nerves at the wrist should be referred to plastic surgeons

All digital nerve injury should be referred to the plastic surgery unit

In cases of suspicion, seek senior advice, discuss with the plastic surgery unit or ask the patient to come next day for re-assessment


 Key point: patients who are intoxicated or who have taken drugs and have sustained wounds which can lead to nerve injuries should be re-examined when sober as sometimes nerve injuries are only detectable at that stage.


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