Shoulder dislocations

March 2018 | by EMauthor


Suspect clinically from mechanism of injury and the alteration in the contour of the shoulder

Always administer adequate analgesia before x-ray, the best is intravenous opiate titrated to the patient’s need

Remember to keep NBM as even a drink will increase sedation risk

Always assess neurovascular function especially axillary nerve before and after manipulation

AP view and either an axial or alternative views will help to pick up posterior dislocation which can be missed on one view

Examine the x-ray carefully for associated fractures (greater tuberosity, glenoid rim and humeral neck)


Anterior dislocation


Reduce under iv sedation with cardiac monitoring and suitable senior supervision

Thin elderly patients, intoxicated patients or 'recurrent dislocaters' may be reduced with Nitrous Oxide inhalation only, if the patient is happy with this.

There are several techniques for reduction, the most popular are Kocher, Milch, and external rotation, these will be taught hands on

Usually immobilise with Lancaster type Velcro sling

Always advise early exercise of the distal joints

Fracture clinic follow up


Posterior dislocation


Suspect in epileptics and severe injuries around the shoulder

Reduce under iv sedation by traction on abducted arm in 90 degrees followed by external rotation, seek senior help

Post reduction care is similar, however, if reduction unstable refer to orthopaedics


Luxatio erecta (vertical dislocation)


The arm will be held in abduction

Very painful

Seek senior help for reduction


Fracture dislocation


Greater tuberosity fracture, treat the same as isolated dislocation and assess the position of greater tuberosity segment after reduction

Neck of humerus fracture, will need GA +/- open reduction, refer to orthopaedics



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